Immune Health
Viral infections as shown by COVID-19
It has been found that adult patients with COVID-19 and diarrhea have more severe respiratory symptoms, which suggests that the intestinal cells can serve as an additional entry and reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Similar to type II alveolar cells, intestinal epithelial cells express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor through which SARS-CoV-2 inoculates the body.
Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli have been found in direct contact with mucus and enterocytes. A recent clinical trial has demonstrated that composition of the gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 is concordant with disease severity and plasma concentration of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and markers of tissue damage.
In vitro studies have shown that probiotics decreased the amount of transmissible gastroenteritis coronaviruses by up to three log10 units. In addition, Lactobacillus strains prevented influenza A virus replication via activation of type I IFN-dependent antiviral genes, and via priming of the S-layer protein in bone marrow dendritic cells.
Metanalysis of five of the six randomized clinical trials of Lactobacilli/Bifidobacteria showed reduction of the severity of symptoms but failed to demonstrate a preventive effect. Additionally, randomized clinical trials documented an enhanced specific immune response to influenza vaccine in adult subjects taking oral Bifidobacteria/Lactobacilli.
Pan L. et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol 2020;115:766–773. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000620
Smyk W, Janik MK, Portincasa P, Milkiewicz P, Lammert F, Krawczyk M. COVID-19: Focus on the lungs but do not forget the gastrointestinal tract. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020 Sep;50(9):e13276. doi: 10.1111/eci.13276. Epub 2020 Jul 5. PMID: 32406522; PMCID: PMC7261996
Olaimat AN, Aolymat I, Al-Holy M, Ayyash M, Abu Ghoush M, Al-Nabulsi AA, Osaili T, Apostolopoulos V, Liu SQ, Shah NP. The potential application of probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. NPJ Sci Food. 2020 Oct 5;4:17. doi: 10.1038/s41538-020-00078-9. PMID: 33083549; PMCID: PMC7536434
Yeoh YK, et al. Gut 2021;0:1–9. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020
Chai W, Burwinkel M, Wang Z et al. Antiviral effects of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. Arch Virol 158, 799–807 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1543-0
Miettinen M, Pietila TE, Kekkonen RA, Kankainen M, Latvala S, Pirhonen J, Osterlund P, Korpela R, Julkunen I. Nonpathogenic Lactobacillus rhamnosus activates the inflammation and antiviral responses in human macrophages. Gut Microbes 2012;3:510–522
Vouloumanou EK, Makris GC, Karageorgopoulos DE, Falagas ME. Probiotics for the prevention of respiratory tract infections: a systematic review. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009 Sep;34(3):197.e1-10. doi:
1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.11.005. Epub 2009 Jan 28. PMID: 19179052.
Zimmermann P, Curtis N. The influence of probiotics on vaccine responses – A systematic review. Vaccine. 2018 Jan 4;36(2):207-213. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.069.
NORDBIOTIC™ strains preparations
Subjects to our research in viral infections and immunity with particular emphasis on of Sars-Cov 2:
- B lactis NORDBIOTIC BI040
- B longum NORDBIOTIC BL020
- L rhamnosus NORDBIOTIC LR1100
- L casei NORDBIOTIC LC130
- L acidophilus NORDBIOTIC LA120
NORDBIOTIC™ studies are designed according to the rules of Evidence Based Medicine
NORDBIOTIC™ technology research is involved into a range of health areas
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