Immune Health
Viral infections as shown by COVID-19
It has been observed that adult patients with COVID-19 who experience diarrhea tend to develop more severe respiratory symptoms, suggesting that intestinal cells may serve as an additional site of infection and reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Both pulmonary and intestinal epithelial cells have been shown to express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor through which SARS-CoV-2 gains entry into host cells.
Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 correlates with disease severity, as well as with plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory biomarkers.
Strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been shown to exert beneficial effects on physiological functions during illness; however, no preventive or therapeutic effects against COVID-19 have been conclusively demonstrated.
In addition, randomized clinical trials have reported enhanced antigen-specific immune responses to influenza vaccination in adults receiving oral supplementation with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains.
Pan L. et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol 2020;115:766–773. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000620
Smyk W, Janik MK, Portincasa P, Milkiewicz P, Lammert F, Krawczyk M. COVID-19: Focus on the lungs but do not forget the gastrointestinal tract. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020 Sep;50(9):e13276. doi: 10.1111/eci.13276. Epub 2020 Jul 5. PMID: 32406522; PMCID: PMC7261996
Olaimat AN, Aolymat I, Al-Holy M, Ayyash M, Abu Ghoush M, Al-Nabulsi AA, Osaili T, Apostolopoulos V, Liu SQ, Shah NP. The potential application of probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. NPJ Sci Food. 2020 Oct 5;4:17. doi: 10.1038/s41538-020-00078-9. PMID: 33083549; PMCID: PMC7536434
Yeoh YK, et al. Gut 2021;0:1–9. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020
Chai W, Burwinkel M, Wang Z et al. Antiviral effects of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. Arch Virol 158, 799–807 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1543-0
Miettinen M, Pietila TE, Kekkonen RA, Kankainen M, Latvala S, Pirhonen J, Osterlund P, Korpela R, Julkunen I. Nonpathogenic Lactobacillus rhamnosus activates the inflammation and antiviral responses in human macrophages. Gut Microbes 2012;3:510–522
Vouloumanou EK, Makris GC, Karageorgopoulos DE, Falagas ME. Probiotics for the prevention of respiratory tract infections: a systematic review. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009 Sep;34(3):197.e1-10. doi:
1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.11.005. Epub 2009 Jan 28. PMID: 19179052.
Zimmermann P, Curtis N. The influence of probiotics on vaccine responses – A systematic review. Vaccine. 2018 Jan 4;36(2):207-213. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.069.
NORDBIOTIC™ strains preparations
Subjects to our research in viral infections and immunity with particular emphasis on of Sars-Cov 2:
- B lactis NORDBIOTIC BI040
- B longum NORDBIOTIC BL020
- L rhamnosus NORDBIOTIC LR1100
- L casei NORDBIOTIC LC130
- L acidophilus NORDBIOTIC LA120
NORDBIOTIC™ studies are designed according to the rules of Evidence Based Medicine
NORDBIOTIC™ technology research is involved into a range of health areas
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