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Recent studies have shown that the functioning of the gut-brain axis depends on the gut microbiota

Now the term “microbiota-gut-brain axis” is used. The axis works in two directions – stress can adversely affect the microbiota; dysbiosis affects the functioning of the brain. Intestinal dysbiosis can cause depression, fatigue, insomnia, and schizophrenia. Signaling between the axis elements is carried out by numerous neurotransmitters, the autonomic nervous system, the vagus nerve, cytokines produced by microbiota-stimulated immune effector cells, and by intestinal microbiota metabolites. Probiotics may have a significant impact on anxiety, depression, cognitive functions, stress responses and behaviors. The probiotics that control the functioning or actions of the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis are known as psychobiotics.

Kang Y, Kang X, Cai Y. The gut microbiome as a target for adjuvant therapy in insomnia disorder. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021 Nov 18;46(1):101834. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101834

Deidda G, Biazzo M. Gut and Brain: Investigating Physiological and Pathological Interactions Between Microbiota and Brain to Gain New Therapeutic Avenues for Brain Diseases. Front Neurosci. 2021 Oct 12;15:753915. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.753915

Sharma H, Bajwa J. Approach of probiotics in mental health as a psychobiotics. Arch Microbiol. 2021 Dec 19;204(1):30. doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02622-x

The Contribution of Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in the Development of Brain Disorders

Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scarano F, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Oppedisano F, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Front Neurosci. 2021 Mar 23;15:616883. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.616883

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