Its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 13% of the global adult population is affected by obesity.

The pathogenesis of obesity is complex, and recent studies indicate an association between alterations in the gut microbiome and the development of obesity. Individuals with overweight and obesity exhibit a specific gut microbiota composition, which plays a key role in food digestion and energy harvesting. Moreover, intestinal dysbiosis may lead to increased gut permeability and activation of inflammatory processes associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Effective obesity management requires a personalized and long-term approach. One promising therapeutic strategy involves glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). This treatment may enable body weight reduction of up to 15–20%. However, GLP-1 RA therapy is associated, in 40–70% of treated patients, with a high risk of adverse events, mainly gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.

Combining GLP-1 receptor agonists with probiotic supplementation may provide a synergistic effect through complementary mechanisms of action. GLP-1 RAs effectively reduce body weight and improve glycemic control, serving as the therapeutic component of this combination, while probiotics may provide supportive benefits by helping protect against micro- and macronutrient deficiencies and positively influencing metabolic functions.

Such an integrated approach may represent a more effective strategy for obesity management.